What is computer vision?

Computer vision briefly explained

Computer vision (also: vision AI, AI vision) is not just image recognition. It is an area of AI that enables computers and systems to extract meaningful information from visual data. This technology enables systems to take action or make recommendations. Computer vision thus goes beyond simple image processing by taking contextual information into account and reacting intelligently to changes in the environment. Using algorithms and machine learning, patterns and features are recognized, objects identified and movements tracked.

Computer vision in action

Computer vision can be used in many areas, including healthcare, autonomous vehicles and security surveillance. In robotics, for example, computer vision enables robots to visually perceive their environment, identify objects and make decisions based on this. This allows robots to perform tasks autonomously, such as

• Navigating in unfamiliar environments
• gripping objects 
• collaboration with people in dynamic working environments (so-called cobots).

Howdoes computer vision work?

The aim of computer vision is to use machine learning models to create digital systems that can process and analyze visual data in the same way as humans - or even faster and more efficiently.

The process begins with the capture of images and videos, which are pre-processed by algorithms. The data is then analyzed using machine learning by previously trained models that are able to recognize specific features and patterns. These models are based on large data sets, which enable them to become increasingly accurate through training. 

One advanced technique is deep learning, which uses convolutional neural networks (CNNs). These networks consist of several layers that recognize specific features of an image. Simple features such as edges are recognized first, followed by more complex patterns. This enables the system to gradually understand objects and scenes better and better

Finally, the extracted information is used to trigger actions or make recommendations. Thanks to advances in hardware and computing power, computer vision can already work in near real time and handle complex tasks. Cloud and edge computing have further increased the performance of computer vision.

Possible applications of computer vision:

• Industrial robots: Robots use computer vision to recognize their environment. They navigate and carry out tasks autonomously or as an assistant to humans. 
• Industrial automation: Precise inspections and quality controls of production lines to detect production errors at an early stage
• Security technology: surveillance systems detect and respond to suspicious activities in real time
• Healthcare: Analyzing medical images for faster and more accurate diagnoses.
• Intelligent traffic systems: Monitoring and controlling traffic flow to improve traffic safety and efficiency.

The advantages of computer vision at a glance:

• Precision and efficiency: rapid analysis of large volumes of visual data, leading to more efficient processes by reducing manual intervention 
• Automation: visual inspection tasks, e.g. in quality management, can be automated
• Real-time decisions: immediate processing and analysis of visual data, enabling a rapid response to changes